Court cases

The decisions that
shaped your rights.

Landmark cases, each broken down the same way: the facts, the question, the ruling, and why it still matters in your life today.

Case of the week

Riley v. California

573 U.S. 373 (2014) · 9–0 decision
The facts
Police searched a man’s smartphone after an arrest and used the data against him at trial.
The issue
Does searching a phone without a warrant violate the Fourth Amendment?
The decision
Yes. Police generally need a warrant to search the data on a phone — even after a lawful arrest.
Why it matters
Your phone holds your whole life. The Court said that privacy deserves real protection.
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The full docket

More landmark cases.

First Amendment · Schools

Tinker v. Des Moines

393 U.S. 503 (1969) · 7–2

Students wore armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The Court held they don’t “shed their rights at the schoolhouse gate.”

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Fourth Amendment · Schools

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

469 U.S. 325 (1985) · 6–3

A student’s purse was searched at school. The Court set the “reasonable suspicion” standard for school searches.

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Fifth Amendment · Police

Miranda v. Arizona

384 U.S. 436 (1966) · 5–4

Where the famous “right to remain silent” warning comes from — and what it actually does and doesn’t cover.

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First Amendment · Students online

Mahanoy Area S.D. v. B.L.

594 U.S. ___ (2021) · 8–1

A cheerleader’s off-campus Snapchat post. The Court limited how far schools can reach into student speech online.

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Fourth Amendment · Privacy

Carpenter v. United States

585 U.S. 296 (2018) · 5–4

Cell-phone location records and the warrant requirement — privacy law catching up to your everyday tech.

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First Amendment · Speech

Brandenburg v. Ohio

395 U.S. 444 (1969) · per curiam

The line between protected speech and incitement — the test courts still use for the most heated speech.

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